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HER2检测方法

如何解释检测结果

IHC检测的结果需要依据一个从0到3+的量化评分系统来进行。检测人员根据细胞膜染色完整程度及以染色密度对检测结果以0(阴性),1+(阴性),2+(临界),3+(阳性)进行评分。 5 使用FISH检测,则以定量结果取代定性结果,根据HER2/neu的基因拷贝数计算结果,将肿瘤描述为HER2“阴性”或“阳性”。3

 

如果患者通过IHC检测,显示结果为弱阳性,意味着什么?

经IHC检测,结果为弱阳性的患者,其染色表现为轻度到中等程度(如下图).5

 

这种IHC临界状态的检查结果是最难以被评分的,并且容易在不同的病理科医生之间产生分歧。9 通过FISH检测有助于精确判断这类患者的HER2状态。NCCN指南推荐,对于IHC检测结果为2+的患者,使用FISH进一步进行检测4

FISH* 检测的结果以基因扩增扩增程度的定量评分来表示。FISH检测测量与正常体内染色体控制(CEP 17)相比,HER2/neu基因的拷贝数。结果以HER2基因拷贝数(橙色)占17号染色体拷贝(绿色)的百分比来显示. 3

 

正常比值小于2 2 (FISH-). 3

HER2/neugene 拷贝数与17号染色体的比值大于或等于2,即为基因扩增扩增(FISH+). 3

 

HER2基因扩增是一种长期的遗传改变。HER2的过度拷贝导致细胞膜表面HER2蛋白的持续过度过度表达. 6

*Vysis PathVysion®

如果患者,检测结果IHC 2+ 或 3+ ,而FISH-,是否属于HER2+?

HER2蛋白的过度表达很少在没有基因扩增的情况下出现10 。FISH检测揭示了那些存在显著蛋白过度表达(IHC 2+ 或 3+) ,但不存在基因扩增的患者(FISH-),意味着这些患者可能属于“假阳性“。通过分子技术检测出的HER2蛋白过度表达的患者中,大约有2%-4%并不存在基因扩增。10,11 在最近的实验室研究中,检测前组织处理的差异性,试剂的差异,以及评分过程都可能会导致IHC检测结果假阳性。7,8

HER2检测的算法1,2

ASCO/CAP HER2检测共识指南建议,最终得出HER2阳性或阴性的结果需要同时依靠IHC和FISH评分算法

 

References:

1. Wolff AC, Hammond EH, Schwartz JN, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer. JClin Oncol. 2007; 25: 118-145.

2. Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med.2007; 131: 18-43.

3. PathVysion® HER-2 DNA Probe Kit Package Insert, Vysis, Inc.; November, 2006.

4. NCCN® Practice Guidelines in Oncology - v.2.2005: Breast Cancer. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Available at: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/breast.pdf. Accessed September 2, 2008.

5. DAKO HercepTest® Information Web site. Welcome to HercepTest™ e-Learning. Available at:http://www.dako.com/prod_productrelatedinformation?url=support_herceptest_elearning.htm. Accessed November 3, 2008.

6. Sliwkowski MX, Lofgren JA, Lewis GD, et al. Nonclinical studies addressing the mechanism of action of trastuzumab (Herceptin).Semin Oncol. 1999;26 (suppl 12):60-70.

7. Paik S, Bryant J, Tan-Chiu E, et al. Real-world performance of HER2 testing -National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project experience. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002;94:852-854.

8. O'Leary TJ. Standardization of immunohistochemistry. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2001;9:3-8.

9. Bose S, Mohammed M, Shintaku P, Rao PN. Her-2/neu gene amplification in low to moderately expressing breast cancers: possible role of chromosome 17/Her-2/neu polysomy. Breast J. 2001;7:337-344.

10. Pauletti G, Godolphin W, Press MF, Slamon DJ. Detection and quantitation of HER-2/neu gene amplification in human breast cancer archival material using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Oncogene. 1996;13:63-72.

11. Kallioniemi O-P, Kallioniemi A, Kurisu W, et al. ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:5321-5325